feat: Working exercise implementation.

Small things may be missing, but this is the gist of it.
All runs in rootless container images (who think internally that they
are root).

README.md

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+# DTU Python Support Exercises
+Implements the exercises at https://pythonsupport.dtu.dk/internal/exercises.html.
+
+You'll need:
+- `bash`: To run the `.sh` script.
+- `podman`: To run the exercises in rootless containers.
+- `python3`, `python3-pip`, `python3-future`: To pass Exercise 4 (too lazy to containerize `pip show`).
+
+## Running the Exercises
+Each exercise will run the corresponding `run.sh` in a rootless container, with `bash -x` (so you can see what they're doing exactly).
+
+To run them all, run:
+```
+for exer in { exer_1_2 exer_2 exer_3 exer_4 exer_5 exer_6 exer_7 exer_8 }; do
+	./run.sh $exer
+done
+```
+
+Each exercise will exit into a bash shell within the container, so you can play around.
+
+**NOTE**: Exercise 3 should fail, as `numpy==1.23` is not compatible with Python 3.11.
+
+**NOTE**: Exercise 4 will fail if system-level `pip` and `future` isn't installed.
+
+## Reuse
+These `run.sh` files can be used as templates for the described end-to-end installation procedure.
+Note the MIT license.
+
+## Running with Non-Debian Image
+This may be useful for testing / as a baseline for testing installation procedures on any OS.
+
+In `run.sh`, simply replace
+```
+IMAGE="docker.io/debian:bookworm-slim"
+```
+with the Docker image of the OS you wish to test.

exer_1/exer_1_2/.gitignore

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+miniconda-prefix
+install-miniconda.sh

exer_1/exer_1_2/run.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+
+apt update
+apt install wget -y
+
+if [ ! -f /data/install-miniconda.sh ]; then
+	wget -O /data/install-miniconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
+	chmod +x /data/install-miniconda.sh
+fi
+
+/data/install-miniconda.sh -b -f -p /data/miniconda-prefix
+ln -s /data/miniconda-prefix/bin/conda /usr/local/bin/conda
+
+bash

exer_2/.gitignore

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+.venv-1
+.venv-2

exer_2/run.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  ## Exit if Problems
+set -u  ## Fail on Undefined Variable
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")"
+
+apt update
+apt install python3 python3-venv python-is-python3 -y
+
+cd "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+	if [ ! -d .venv-1 ]; then
+		python3 -m venv ".venv-1"
+	fi
+	if [ ! -d .venv-2 ]; then
+		python3 -m venv ".venv-2"
+	fi
+
+	. .venv-1/bin/activate
+		pip install numpy==1.24
+		pip install matplotlib==3.6
+		python3 -c "import numpy as np; print(np.array([1, 2, 3]))"
+	deactivate
+
+	. .venv-2/bin/activate
+		pip install numpy==1.23
+		pip install matplotlib==3.6
+		python3 -c "import numpy as np; print(np.array([1, 2, 3]))"
+	deactivate
+cd -
+
+bash

exer_3/.gitignore

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+.venv

exer_3/run.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  ## Exit if Problems
+set -u  ## Fail on Undefined Variable
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")"
+
+apt update
+apt install python3 python3-venv python-is-python3 git -y
+
+cd "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+if [ ! -d .venv ]; then
+	python3 -m venv .venv
+fi
+	. .venv/bin/activate
+		pip install git+https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing.git@c8b76646bf7f883b40951a08365522d286af4963
+		
+		pip freeze
+	deactivate
+cd -
+
+bash

exer_6/.gitignore

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+02002students

exer_6/run.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  ## Exit if Problems
+set -u  ## Fail on Undefined Variable
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")"
+
+apt update
+apt install python3 python3-venv python-is-python3 git -y
+
+if [ ! -d "$SCRIPT_PATH/02002students" ]; then
+	git clone https://lab.compute.dtu.dk/cp/02002students.git
+fi
+
+cd "$SCRIPT_PATH/02002students"
+	if [ ! -d .venv ]; then
+		python3 -m venv .venv
+	fi
+	. .venv/bin/activate
+		pip install -r requirements.txt
+		python3 -c "import dtumathtools; dir(dtumathtools)"
+		
+		pip check
+	deactivate
+cd -
+
+bash

run.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  ## Exit if Problems
+set -u  ## Fail on Undefined Variable
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")"
+
+IMAGE="docker.io/debian:bookworm-slim"
+
+####################
+# - Actions
+####################
+action_exer_1_2() {
+	echo -e "Running Exercise 1.2...\n"
+	podman run \
+		--rm -it \
+		-v "$SCRIPT_PATH/exer_1/exer_1_2":/data \
+		-w /data \
+		"$IMAGE" \
+		bash -x run.sh
+	echo
+	echo
+}
+action_exer_2() {
+	echo -e "Running Exercise 2...\n"
+	podman run \
+		--rm -it \
+		-v "$SCRIPT_PATH/exer_2":/data \
+		-w /data \
+		"$IMAGE" \
+		bash -x run.sh
+	echo
+	echo
+}
+action_exer_3() {
+	echo -e "Running Exercise 3...\n"
+	podman run \
+		--rm -it \
+		-v "$SCRIPT_PATH/exer_3":/data \
+		-w /data \
+		"$IMAGE" \
+		bash -x run.sh
+	echo
+	echo
+}
+action_exer_4() {
+	echo -e "Running Exercise 4...\n"
+	pip show "${2-future}" | grep Location | cut -d ' ' -f 2
+	echo
+	echo
+}
+action_exer_5() {
+	echo -e "Running Exercise 5...\n"
+	echo "VSCodium: Activate the venv in the embedded terminal, and use that to run things. pip freeze for package list."
+	echo
+	echo
+}
+action_exer_6() {
+	echo -e "Running Exercise 6...\n"
+	echo "This does not use VSCode, as I do not consent to its proprietary licensing. See https://lab.compute.dtu.dk/cp/02002students/-/issues/1 ."
+	echo
+	echo
+	
+	podman run \
+		--rm -it \
+		-v "$SCRIPT_PATH/exer_6":/data \
+		-w /data \
+		debian:bookworm-slim \
+		bash run.sh
+}
+action_exer_7() {
+	echo "'pip check' is run in exer_6."
+}
+action_exer_8() {
+	echo "At this level, it's identical (but slower than) venv. Just replace 'python3 -m venv' with 'virtualenv'. https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/"
+}
+
+####################
+# - Check Dependencies
+####################
+case $1 in
+	exer_1_2)
+		action_exer_1_2
+		;;
+	exer_2)
+		action_exer_2
+		;;
+	exer_3)
+		action_exer_3
+		;;
+	exer_4)
+		action_exer_4
+		;;
+	exer_6)
+		action_exer_6
+esac